Explained: Meat-packer JBS faces complaints filed in Europe over alleged links to illegal Amazon deforestation

A coalition of environmental and human rights groups filed 14 legal complaints with European financial regulators and prosecutors against JBS, its banks, investment managers and advisers

Cattle laundering

Moving animals raised on illegally deforested land to compliant farms before slaughter to conceal their origin

Direct vs. indirect suppliers

Direct suppliers sell cattle straight to slaughterhouses; indirect suppliers breed or raise cattle earlier in the production cycle

Anti-money laundering laws

Regulations requiring financial institutions to detect and report proceeds derived from criminal activity

Quilombola territories

Lands traditionally occupied by descendants of escaped enslaved people in Brazil, subject to special legal protections

Geo-referencing

Mapping farm locations against satellite and land-use data to check for illegal deforestation or land-use violations